The major objectives of the Transregio TRR130 are to understand how physiological and pathological adaptive memory is established and to train critical-thinking, highly skilled and internationally competitive immunologists. The established Integrated Research Training Group (IRTG) „B cells and beyond“ within the TRR130 wants to foster the interaction of students and investigators locally and among the four participating locations with a structured educational and mentoring concept that goes beyond the level of training doctoral students usually receive in their labs.